From da01cc99ed2f88fe97d97aefc75c16ce6436d9f2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Andrew Date: Sun, 12 Dec 2021 23:10:22 +0400 Subject: =?UTF-8?q?=D0=94=D0=BE=D0=BF=D0=B8=D1=81=D0=B0=D0=BB=20=D0=BF?= =?UTF-8?q?=D1=80=D0=B5=D0=B7=D0=B5=D0=BD=D1=82=D0=B0=D1=86=D0=B8=D1=8E=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=D0=BF=D0=BE=20=D0=B4=D0=BE=D0=BC=D0=B0=D1=88=D0=BD=D0=B5=D0=BC?= =?UTF-8?q?=D1=83=20=D1=87=D1=82=D0=B5=D0=BD=D0=B8=D1=8E=20=D0=B7=D0=B0=20?= =?UTF-8?q?=D0=BF=D1=8F=D1=82=D1=8B=D0=B9=20=D1=81=D0=B5=D0=BC=D0=B5=D1=81?= =?UTF-8?q?=D1=82=D1=80.?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- english/homereading-sem5/homereading-sem5.tex | 162 +++++++++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 131 insertions(+), 31 deletions(-) (limited to 'english') diff --git a/english/homereading-sem5/homereading-sem5.tex b/english/homereading-sem5/homereading-sem5.tex index 33531a0..88f3eb1 100644 --- a/english/homereading-sem5/homereading-sem5.tex +++ b/english/homereading-sem5/homereading-sem5.tex @@ -1,5 +1,13 @@ \documentclass{beamer} -\usetheme{} + +\usepackage[T2A]{fontenc} +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage{tempora} + +\usepackage[russian]{babel} +\inputencoding{utf8} + +\usetheme{Madrid} \title{``Computing Machinery and Intelligence'' by A.~M.~Turing} \subtitle{Home reading, 5th semester} @@ -7,66 +15,158 @@ \date{\today} \begin{document} +\maketitle \begin{frame} \frametitle{About author} - + + Alan Turing was an English mathematician and computer scientist. He + was very influential in development of theoretical computer sciences + and is widely considered to be the father of artificial intelligence. + + The paper named in the title considered seminal in the field of + artificial intelligence. It was published in 1950 in academic journal + ``Mind'' by Oxford University Press, where it first introduced the + concept now known as ``Turing Test'' to general public. \end{frame} \begin{frame} - \frametitle{Summary of article} - + \frametitle{Summary of paper} + + In this paper Turing considers question ``Can machines think?'' as + wrong and proposes the new form of this problem. This new question + in terms of the ``imitation game''. + + This game played with three people: man, woman and + interrogator. Interrogator stays in separate room from others. His + goal is to determine which of the other two is man and which is + woman. If we replace one of people with machine, Turing believed + that we can replace the original question with ``Will interrogator + decide wrongly as often when the game is played like this as he does + when the game is played between man and woman?''. + + In the remainder of the paper, he argued against all the major + objections to the proposition that ``machines can think''. \end{frame} \begin{frame} -- The definitions might be framed so as to reflect so far as possible - the normal use of the words, but this attitude is dangerous, If the - meaning of the words "machine" and "think" are to be found by - examining how they are commonly used it is difficult to escape the - conclusion that the meaning and the answer to the question, "Can - machines think?" is to be sought in a statistical survey such as a - Gallup poll. + \begin{block}{} + The definitions might be framed so as to reflect so far as + possible the normal use of the words, but this attitude is + dangerous. If the meaning of the words ``machine'' and ``think'' + are to be found by examining how they are commonly used it is + difficult to escape the conclusion that the meaning and the answer + to the question, ``Can machines think?'' is to be sought in a + statistical survey such as a Gallup poll. + \end{block} + \onslide<2-> + \begin{block}{} + Определение может быть сформулировано таким образом, чтобы + отражать повседневное значение этих слов, однако подобный способ + таит в себе опасности. Если определять значение слов ``машина'' и + ``мыслить'' в соответствии с употреблением этих слов в обиходе, + трудно будет избежать вывода о том, что ответ на вопрос: ``Может + ли машина мыслить?'' следует искать в данных статистических + исследований, вроде опросов Гэллапа. + \end{block} \end{frame} \begin{frame} -- We are the more ready to do so in view of the fact that the present - interest in "thinking machines" has been aroused by a particular - kind of machine, usually called an "electronic computer" or "digital - computer." + \begin{block}{} + We are the more ready to do so in view of the fact that the + present interest in ``thinking machines'' has been aroused by a + particular kind of machine, usually called an ``electronic + computer'' or ``digital computer.'' + \end{block} + \onslide<2-> + \begin{block}{} + Мы более склонны так сделать с учётом того, что наш интерес в + ``думающих машинах'' был вызван машиной определённого рода, обычно + называемой ``электронным компьютером'' или ``цифровым + компьютером''. + \end{block} \end{frame} \begin{frame} -- If we use the above explanation as a definition we shall be in - danger of circularity of argument. + \begin{block}{} + If we use the above explanation as a definition we shall be in + danger of circularity of argument. + \end{block} + \onslide<2-> + \begin{block}{} + Если принять данное выше объяснение за определение, то мы рискуем + прийти к круговому рассуждению. + \end{block} \end{frame} \begin{frame} -- For instance in considering the switches for a lighting system it is - a convenient fiction that each switch must be definitely on or - definitely off. + \begin{block}{} + For instance in considering the switches for a lighting system it + is a convenient fiction that each switch must be definitely on or + definitely off. + \end{block} + \onslide<2-> + \begin{block}{} + Например, рассматривая переключатели света, удобно считать, что + каждый из переключателей может быть либо точно выключен, либо + точно включён. + \end{block} \end{frame} \begin{frame} -- The popular view that scientists proceed inexorably from - well-established fact to well-established fact, never being - influenced by any improved conjecture, is quite mistaken. + \begin{block}{} + The popular view that scientists proceed inexorably from + well-established fact to well-established fact, never being + influenced by any improved conjecture, is quite mistaken. + \end{block} + \onslide<2-> + \begin{block}{} + Распространённое мнение, что учёные не раздумывая переходят от + одного хорошо установленного факта к другому, никогда не + основываясь на каком-то неподтверждённом предположении, в корне + неверно. + \end{block} \end{frame} \begin{frame} -- It is admitted that there are certain things that He cannot do such - as making one equal to two, but should we not believe that He has - freedom to confer a soul on an elephant if He sees fit? + \begin{block}{} + It is admitted that there are certain things that He cannot do + such as making one equal to two, but should we not believe that He + has freedom to confer a soul on an elephant if He sees fit? + \end{block} + \onslide<2-> + \begin{block}{} + Признано, что существуют некоторые вещи, которые Бог не способен + выполнить, например сделать единицу равной двум, но можем ли мы не + верить в то, что Бог способен даровать душу слону, если Он + посчитает нужным. + \end{block} \end{frame} \begin{frame} -- We like to believe that Man is in some subtle way superior to the - rest of creation. + \begin{block}{} + We like to believe that Man is in some subtle way superior to the + rest of creation. + \end{block} + \onslide<2-> + \begin{block}{} + Нам нравится верить в то, что Человек в некоторой степени + находится выше всей остальной природы. + \end{block} \end{frame} \begin{frame} -- The view that machines cannot give rise to surprises is due, I - believe, to a fallacy to which philosophers and mathematicians are - particularly subject. + \begin{block}{} + The view that machines cannot give rise to surprises is due, I + believe, to a fallacy to which philosophers and mathematicians are + particularly subject. + \end{block} + \onslide<2-> + \begin{block}{} + Мнение о том, что машины не способны удивить основано на, как мне + кажется, заблуждении, которому особенно подвержены математики и + философы. + \end{block} \end{frame} \end{document} -- cgit v1.2.3